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Impact of targeted drug administration and intermittent preventive treatment for forest goers using artesunate–pyronaridine to control malaria outbreaks in Cambodia
MORU Bangkok
Posted 25/06/2024. The national malaria programme of Cambodia targets the rapid elimination of all human malaria by 2025. As clinical cases decline to near-elimination levels, an effective response to malaria outbreaks becomes the vital strategy. Authors report a programmatic response to a 2022 Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in Kravanh district, western Cambodia. By Bipin Adhikari.
Bioequivalence of a new coated 15 mg primaquine formulation for malaria elimination
MORU Bangkok
Posted 21/06/2024. A new study by Bob Taylor and colleagues confirms that a 15 mg generic primaquine tablet, made by IPCA in India, is bioequivalent to the reference Sanofi product. The dossier has been submitted to WHO for prequalification. Once prequalified, it will be used to help eliminate malaria.
A youth advisory group on health and health research in rural Cambodia
MORU Bangkok
Posted 19/06/2024. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues reflect on how engagement with a youth advisory group on health and research engagement is carried out in a remote malaria endemic district of Cambodia. Authors discuss the processes, outputs and outcomes of youth group engagement including their relevance to broader goals of community engagement using a theory of change.
Rectal artesunate: lives not saved
MORU Bangkok
Posted 03/06/2024. Childhood deaths from severe malaria can be prevented by giving rectal artesunate suppositories (RAS) but in January 2022, based on preliminary interpretation of a flawed observational study, WHO issued a moratorium on RAS. This has now been partially lifted, but use of RAS has markedly declined and thousands of malaria deaths have not been prevented. By Nick White.
Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study
MORU Bangkok
Posted 29/05/2024. In Africa, children < 5 years remain highly vulnerable to infectious diseases. Salum Mshamu and colleagues explored treatment seeking behaviour related to childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania which was a part of community based novel housing intervention. How treatment seeking behaviour was influenced by institutional and community level factors are discussed in the article.
Gender and equity considerations in AMR research: a systematic scoping review
MORU Bangkok
Posted 28/05/2024. Bhensri Naemiratch and colleagues report on the interlinkages between AMR, gender and other socio-behavioural characteristics to identify priority knowledge gaps in human and animal health in LMICs. Three overarching themes were gendered division of caregiving roles and responsibilities, gender power relations in decision-making, and interactions between gender norms and health-seeking behaviours.
Comparison of lumefantrine, mefloquine, and piperaquine concentrations between capillary plasma and venous plasma samples in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria
MORU Bangkok SMRU
Posted 01/05/2024. Makoto Saito and SMRU colleagues compared capillary and venous plasma concentrations of mefloquine, lumefantrine, and piperaquine in pregnant women with malaria. While there was a strong correlation, direct interchangeability was limited. Predictability within a ±10% precision range varied by drug. Caution is needed when converting capillary samples at the individual level.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multiplex lateral flow rapid diagnostic test for acute non-malarial febrile illness in rural Cambodia and Bangladesh
MORU Bangkok
Posted 09/04/2024. Using data collected in the SEACTN Rural Febrile Illness project, Christopher Chew and colleagues evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a putative multiplex rapid diagnostic test able to diagnose enteric fever and dengue, coupled with CRP measurement to guide antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections, in rural Cambodian and Bangladeshi primary care settings.
MORU - OUCRU Discovery Research Academy (MODRA)
With a focus on global health and infectious diseases, this Wellcome-funded 18-month programme is designed to empower early to mid-career post-doctoral researchers within our extensive network across Asian low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our vision is to transform the landscape of health research in South Asia by building capacity, enhancing research skills, and fostering a vibrant community of researchers.
Interventions to address antimicrobial resistance: an ethical analysis of key tensions and how they apply in low- income and middle-income countries
MORU Bangkok
Posted 05/04/2024. There are complex ethical tensions and competing interests that surround interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this paper, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues have identified how these are especially reflected in low- and middle-income countries. They highlight that these ethical tensions need to be kept in mind when designing AMR policies.
Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand
MORU Bangkok
Posted 12/03/2024. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues conducted a qualitative study in northern Thailand among hilltribe ethnic minority groups to understand their challenges related to participating in research. These challenges included language barriers, travel difficulties, uncertain legal status and lack of access to healthcare. Researchers need to be aware of these to minimise the burdens of research participation.
Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment versus usual long-course treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (REGARD-VAP): a multicentre, individually randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
MORU Bangkok
Posted 26/01/2024. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common amongst critically-ill patients. Mo Yin and colleagues investigated a personalized approach to shorten antibiotic duration, and found it as effective as a longer treatment in terms of death or pneumonia recurrence; it also reduced antibiotic side effects significantly. This study provides crucial evidence to guide antibiotic prescription to reduce resistance emergence.
Early warning systems for malaria outbreaks in Thailand: an anomaly detection approach
MORU Bangkok
Posted 16/01/2024. Oraya Srimokla, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed specialized anomaly detection algorithms and a dashboard to enhance Thailand's malaria surveillance and elimination efforts. This system improves outbreak prediction accuracy and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure, aiding in the effective monitoring and identification of potential malaria outbreaks at the provincial level.
Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia
COMRU MORU Bangkok
Posted 10/01/2024. As malaria progressively declines in Cambodia, there's a concern about the diminishing relevance of village malaria workers (VMWs). In August 2023, a meeting addressed the feasibility and policy implications of VMWs managing non-malarial fevers, part of the operational research in western Cambodia to ensure VMWs remain active until malaria elimination is achieved. From Bipin Adhikari.
Vaccine mandates and public trust do not have to be antagonistic
MORU Bangkok
Posted 29/10/2023. Historically, vaccine mandates and opposition to vaccines have co-existed, starting with smallpox vaccination mandates in the 1800s. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits of vaccine mandates were weighed against potential damage to public trust. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues discuss whether and how vaccine mandates can co-exist with public trust.
Ethical and cultural implications for conducting verbal autopsies in South and Southeast Asia: a qualitative study
LOMWRU MORU Bangkok SMRU
Posted 20/12/2023. The verbal autopsy method can be sensitive to the individuals interviewed, their families and communities. Prior to study implementation, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Tom Peto and SEACTN colleagues sought to explore local beliefs and practices about death to inform appropriate bioethical practices and found that verbal autopsy is acceptable across a wide range of cultural settings in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos PDR, and Cambodia.
Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania
MORU Bangkok
Posted 12/12/2023. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues compared community health worker programmes between Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa using a systematic review of the published literature. This was supplemented by discussions with key informants in Cambodia and mainland Tanzania to inform the existing malaria service delivery strategies in Tanzania.
Accuracy of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
LOMWRU
Posted 01/12/2023. Parasitology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), however, other less invasive tests are available such as the direct agglutination test (DAT). As part of the series of systematic reviews and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of diagnostics for FIEBRE infections, Tamalee Roberts and colleagues estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DAT for the diagnosis of VL.
A systematic review of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar
LOMWRU MOCRU MORU Bangkok SMRU
Posted 21/11/2023. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of preventable and treatable diseases common in Myanmar, primarily affecting marginalized rural communities. Myo Swe and colleagues provide an overview of reported NTDs in Myanmar over 100 years, indicating gaps in knowledge about certain diseases to inform future research directions related to NTDs in Myanmar.
A Prognostic Model for Critically Ill Children in Locations With Emerging Critical Care Capacity
COMRU
Posted 20/11/23. Tools to assess illness severity are often impractical in settings with emerging critical care capacity. A prognostic model developed by Arjun Chandna and colleagues proved effective for triaging critically ill children. The tool provides holistic assessment of critical illness by combining measures of organ dysfunction with important contextual determinants of outcome, such as healthcare accessibility and the nutritional status of a child.